Stonehenge
is a prehistoric monument in the English county of Wiltshire, about 2
miles (3.2 km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury.
One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is the remains of a
ring of standing stones set within earthworks. It is in the middle of
the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England,
including several hundred burial mounds.
Archaeologists believe it was built
anywhere from 3000 BC to 2000 BC, as described in the chronology below.
Radiocarbon dating in 2008 suggested that the first stones were raised
between 2400 and 2200 BC, whilst another theory suggests that bluestones
may have been raised at the site as early as 3000 BC.
The surrounding circular earth bank and
ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been
dated to about 3100 BC.
Archaeological evidence found by the
Stonehenge Riverside Project in 2008 indicates that Stonehenge could
have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings. The dating of
cremated remains found on the site indicate that deposits contain human
bone from as early as 3000 BC, when the ditch and bank were first dug.
Such deposits continued at Stonehenge for at least another 500 years.
Stonehenge has been subjected to many theories about its origin, ranging from the academic worlds of archaeology to explanations from mythology and the paranormal.
Stonehenge Rediscovered
An objective view of Stonehenge through
the eyes of Barry Cuncliffe of the university of Oxford and Social
anthropologist Lionel Sims.
Time Team Special 41 (2009) - The Secrets of Stonehenge (Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire)
BBC Timewatch - Stonehenge
Stonehenge was 'giant concert venue'
A university professor who is an expert
in sound and a part-time DJ believes Stonehenge was created as a dance
arena for listening to "trance-style" music.
The monument has
baffled archaeologists who have argued for decades over the stone
circle's 5,000-year history but academic Rupert Till believes he has
solved the riddle by suggesting it may have been used for ancient raves.
Mr Till, an expert
in acoustics and music technology at Huddersfield University, West
Yorks., believes the standing stones had the ideal acoustics to amplify a
"repetitive trance rhythm".
The original
Stonehenge probably had a "very pleasant, almost concert-like acoustic"
that our ancestors slowly perfected over many generations
Because Stonehenge
itself is partially collapsed, Dr Till, from York, North Yorks., used a
computer model to conduct experiments in sound.
The most exciting
discoveries came when he and colleague Dr Bruno Fazenda visited a
full-size concrete replica of Stonehenge, with all the original stones
intact, which was built as a war memorial by American road builder Sam
Hill at Maryhill in Washington state.
lthough the replica has not previously gained any attention from
archaeologists studying the original site, it was ideal for Dr Till's
work.
He said: "We were able to get some interesting results when we
visited the replica by using computer-based acoustic analysis software, a
3D soundfield microphone, a dodecahedronic speaker, and a huge bass
speaker from a PA company.
"By comparing results from paper calculations, computer simulations
based on digital models, and results from the concrete Stonehenge copy,
we were able to come up with some of these theories about the uses of
Stonehenge.
"We have also been able to reproduce the sound of someone speaking or clapping in Stonehenge 5,000 years ago.
"The most interesting thing is we managed to get the whole space (at
Maryhill) to resonate, almost like a wine glass will ring if you run a
finger round it.
"While that was happening a simple drum beat sounded incredibly
dramatic. The space had real character; it felt that we had gone
somewhere special."
Stonehenge Film with Digital Model Sound and Image Reconstruction
Dr. Rupert Till of the University of
Huddersfield has created a new film using computer modelling of
Stonehenge. Based on an old laser scan from English Heritage from
1993/4, computer modelling has been used to try to create an
experimental reconstruction of what it might have been like to be at
Stonehenge thousands of years ago. A high power computing array of
processors was used to render the images, which as source files were
about 200GB of data. Sound was then added using digital acoustic models
generated using Odeon architectural acoustics modelling software.
In the film you are walking up the hill
towards Stonehenge (the model was placed on accurate LIDAR ground data),
which appears over the crest of the hill. It is sunset on the winter
solstice. You slowly walk towards and into the centre of the stone
circle. You can hear the sound of percussion in the space. The tempo of
the music is set by echoes that are present. You might also hear a
whistle or flute, this is a reconstruction of the Wilsford flute, a bone
flute found near Stonehenge in the Wilsford shaft. The original was
made when Stonehenge was in use in prehistory. You might, if you are
wearing headphones or using good loudspeakers) hear a low pitched hum.
When the wind blows hard, you may hear at Stonehenge, even today, a low
pitched hum at 47Hz, the result of the co-inidence of an on- and
off-axis circular mode of resonance.
Having entered the circle, you leave your
body and fly around the site. TIme moves forward so you can see the
effect of shadows in the space. The film fades between different
possible phasing and organisation of the site, the inner bluestones
disappearing, then all the bluestones going, then the sarsen stones
leaving to be replaced by bluestones in the Aubrey holes. Eventually you
return to the centre of the stone circle and leave the way you came.
This is intended to be a phenomenological
experience, an experimental reconstruction, a suggestion of what it
might have been like to be at Stonehenge in prehistory. It cannot hope
to be exactly accurate, but can at least open a short window into the
past.
Stonehenge 432 Hz
Stonehenge photo montage with a backing
track of drums and percussions recorded within a virtual Stonehenge
which includes the resonance and echoes that would have existed when in
use some 4 - 5000 years ago. You can visit the website of Dr Rupert Till
for further information on 'archaeo-acoustics' and the use of acoustics
at Stone henge and other ancient sites.
http://soundsofstonehenge.wordpress.com/where the percussion track was downloaded from.
http://soundsofstonehenge.wordpress.com/where the percussion track was downloaded from.
I have also included as part of this
Stonehenge soundscape a Solfeggio track at 528Hz Frequencies that is
suggested to be compliant with DNA repair and then mixed and recorded
all at 432 Hz which is considered extremely important to resonate with
the human body & pysche, you can find more information regards
recording at 432 Hz here http://www.omega432.com.
The overall effect of this background sound is to encourage a trance
state of mind that will encourage your body to heal itself quicker then
normal.
For some AWAN chanting visit the Modern Wizards Channel or our website http://www.artofmodernwizardry.org for some special knowledge
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