ECHELON is a name used in global media
and in popular culture to describe a signals intelligence (SIGINT)
collection and analysys network operated on behalf of the five signatory
states to the UK-USA Security Agreement (Australia, Canada, New
Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, known as
AUSCANZUKUS). It has also been described only as the software system
which controls the download and dissemination of the intercept of
commercial satellite trunk communications. The system has been reported
in a number of public sources. Its capabilities and political
implications were investigated by a committee of the European Parliament
during 2000 and 2001 with a report published in 2001,[ and by author
James Bamford in his books on the National Security Agency of the United
States. In its report, the European Parliament states that the term
ECHELON is used in a number of contexts, but that the evidence presented
indicates that it was the name for a signals intelligence collection
system. The report concludes that, on the basis of information
presented, ECHELON was capable of interception and content inspection of
telephone calls, fax, e-mail and other data traffic globally through
the interception of communication bearers including satellite
transmission, public switched telephone networks and microwave links.
The committee further concluded that "the technical capabilities of the
system are probably not nearly as extensive as some sections of the
media had assumed". Bamford describes the system as the software
controlling the collection and distribution of civilian
telecommunications traffic conveyed using communication satellites, with
the collection being undertaken by groundstations located in the
footprint of the downlink leg.
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